Aided by Maximilian I, duke of Bavaria, his troops annihilated the rebel army on the White Mountain, near Prague, on November 8, 1620. Former Director, Upper Austrian Provincial Archives, Linz. His heart was interred in the Herzgruft (heart crypt) of the Augustinian Church, Vienna. The Protestants of Upper and Lower Austria were subjected to compulsory conversion. 1619-08-28 Ferdinand II elected Holy Roman Emperor (rules till 1637) 1620-02-04 Prince Bethlen Gabor of Hungary signs peace with Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand II 1621-12-13 Emperor Ferdinand II delegates 1st anti-Reformation decree 1621-12-31 Hungarian King Bethlen Gabor and Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand II sign the Treaty of Mikulov After his victory over the Swedes (September 1634) at Nördlingen, Ferdinand reached a compromise with the Protestant princes in the Peace of Prague (1635) and, in 1636, succeeded in having his son Ferdinand elected king of the Romans (successor-designate to the emperor). Yet by maintaining the country’s historical provinces and estates, after their subjugation, he preserved the principle of federalism in Austria. Holy Roman Emperor from 15 February 1637 until his death, as well as King of Hungary and Croatia, King of Bohemia and Archduke of Austria. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. In 1627 Ferdinand enhanced his authority and set an important legal and military precedent by issuing a Revised Land Ordinance that deprived the Bohemian estatesof their right to raise soldiers, reserving this power solely for the monarch. Supported by the Catholic League and the Kings of Spain and the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, Ferdinand decided to reclaim his possession in Bohemia and to quench the rebels. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). FERDINAND II, HOLY ROMAN EMPEROR Reigned from 1619 to 1637; b. Graz, Styria, July 9, 1578; d. Vienna, Feb. 15, 1637. The Second Defenestration of Prague of 22 May 1618 is considered the first step of the Thirty Years' War. He avoided committing himself in a quarrel between his cousins, the Holy Roman emperor Rudolf II and his brother Matthias, who eventually succeeded Rudolf as emperor. Ferdinand's aim, as a zealous Catholic, was to restore Catholicism as the only religion in the Empire and suppress Protestantism. A person of moderate talents and willpower, he nevertheless exerted a strong influence on the events of his time by his strict and uncompromising religious policy. Born in Graz in Styria on July 9, 1578, Ferdinand of Hapsburg was the son of Archduke Charles of inner Austria and Maria of Bavaria. This was, in effect, the beginning of the Thirty Years’ War. Born in Graz on 9 July 1578 Ferdinand II. If you would like to participate, please join the project. Following the death of Wallenstein (… In 1622, he married Eleonore of Mantua (Gonzaga) (1598–1655), the daughter of Duke Vincenzo I of Mantua and Eleonora de' Medici, at Innsbruck. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. Ferdinand’s Edict of Restitution (1629), which forced Protestants to return to the Roman Catholic church all property seized since 1552, revealed to the German princes the threat of imperial absolutism. Ferdinand III (July 13, 1608 – April 2, 1657) was Holy Roman Emperor from 1637 – 1657. Heiliges Römisches Reich, Emperor of Germany Ferdinand II, emperador romanogermànic Ferran II, Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand II, emperador romanogermanic Ferran II (en); Ferdinand 2. His military success caused the tottering Protestants to call in Gustavus II Adolphus, King of Sweden. Given the relatively great number of Protestants in the kingdom, including some of the nobles, the king's unpopularity soon caused the Bohemian Revolt. But, when Rudolf II launched the same policy in Hungary shortly afterward, there was a revolt, and the rebels offered the Hungarian crown to Matthias in return for guarantees of toleration.…. He served as titular head of the Imperial Army during the Thirty Years' War from 1634 until its final phases. Ferdinand … A period of minor operations followed, perhaps because of Wallenstein's ambiguous conduct, which ended with his assassination in 1634. Habsburský (cs); Ferdinand der Andere, Ferdinand … An indecisive man, he depended much on the influence of his counselors and his Jesuit confessors. A very pious Catholic, he especially favoured the Jesuits. Soon, some of Ferdinand's allies began to complain about the excessive power exercised by Wallenstein, as well as the ruthless methods he used to finance his vast army. Ferdinand replied by firing the Bohemian general in 1630. Ferdinand’s Roman Catholic contemporaries considered him a saintlike monarch; his Protestant opponents feared him as a tyrant. Februar 1637 in Wien) war von 1619 bis 1637 Kaiser des Heiligen Römischen Reiches. Despite Wallenstein's fall, the imperial forces recaptured Regensburg and were victorious in the Battle of Nördlingen (1634). (Louis's father Henry IV of France had once been a Huguenot leader.) Though a Habsburg and a Catholic, he approached the Lutheran Imperial estates with a view to overcome the denominational schism, which ultimately failed. etc. He did not wish to uphold the religious liberties granted by the Letter of Majesty conceded, signed by the previous emperor, Rudolph II, which had guaranteed the freedom of religion to the nobles and the inhabitants of the cities. With the Oñate treaty, Ferdinand obtained the support of the Spanish Habsburgs in the succession of his childless cousin Matthias, in exchange for concessions in Alsace and Italy. Holy Roman Emperor; Archduke of Austria Reign 1637-1657 Predecessor Ferdinand II Successor Leopold I Ferdinand III (13. heinäkuuta 1608 Graz – 2. huhtikuuta 1657 Wien) oli Pyhän saksalais-roomalaisen keisarikunnan keisari vuosina 1637–1657, Böömin kuningas vuodesta 1627 ja Unkarin kuningas vuodesta 1625. Tysk-romerske rige 1619-1637 (da); Ferdinand II. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. Ferdinand died in 1637, leaving to his son Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor, an empire still engulfed in a war and whose fortunes seemed to be increasingly chaotic. Therefore, after the death of his brother-in-law Louis II, King of Bohemia and of Hungary, at the battle of Mohács on 29 August 1526, Fe… In the prime of his life Ferdinand was described as a blue-eyed, somewhat corpulent, middle-sized man who wore Spanish court dress. From 1590 to 1595 he was educated at the University of Ingolstadt by Jesuits whose aim was to make him a strict, rigidly Catholic ruler. In 1619, however, the largely Protestant diet of Bohemia deposed him, electing Frederick V, elector of the Palatinate, as their king. In the following events he remained one of the staunchest backers of the Anti-Protestant Counter Reformation efforts as one of the heads of the German Catholic League. In 1634, he was made titular head of the Imperial Army in the Thirty Years' War. Although he kept a frugal court, he was a bad financier who too generously gave away the greatest part of confiscated estates to his faithful followers. Beschlüsse der obersächsischen Kreisversammlung zu Leipzig am 30.1.1620 darunter ein Schutzbündnis wegen des "von Tag zu Tag zunemenden Unwesens im Iönigreich Böheim" : im übrigen werde man sich in der Auseinandersetzung zwischen Kaiser und Kurfürst Friedrich V, neutral verhalten, 1620 Jan. 30. Airchduchess Elisabeth o Austrick (9 Julie 1526 – 15 Juin 1545) mairit Keeng Sigismund II Augustus o Poland but haed nae issue. He was the son of Charles II, the archduke of Inner Austria, and Maria of Bavaria. Ferdinand II (1578-1637) was Holy Roman emperor from 1619 to 1637. Wallenstein was recalled, being able to muster an army in only a week, and expelled the Swedes from Bohemia. They had seven children: Archduchess Christine (25 May 1601 – 12/21 June 1601)Archduke Charles (25 May 1603)Archduke John-Charles (1 November 1605 – 26 December 1619)Ferdinand III (13 July 1608 – 2 April 1657) married:1631 Infanta Maria Anna of Spain1648 Maria Leopoldine of Austria1651 Eleanor Gonzaga (1630–1686)Archduchess Maria Anna of Austria (13 January 1610 – 25 September 1665)Archduchess Cecilia Renata of Austria (16 July 1611 – 24 March 1644), who married her cousin W?adys?aw IV Vasa, King of Poland.Archduke Leopold Wilhelm of Austria (1614–1662). (* 9. On 8 November 1620 his troops, led by the Flemish general Johann Tserclaes, Count of Tilly, smashed the rebels of Frederick V, who had been elected as rival King in 1619. Shortly afterwards, he began the suppression of Protestantism in his territories. Ferdinand was born in Graz, the eldest son of the archduke Charles, the ruler of Inner Austria (Styria, Carinthia, and Carniola), and Maria, a daughter of Albrecht V, duke of Bavaria. During the first decade of the Thirty Years’ War, Ferdinand strengthened his position by transferring the Palatinate’s electoral office to Maximilian of Bavaria. Corrections? Wallenstein was able to recruit some 30,000 men (later expanded up to 100,000), with whom he was able to defeat the Protestants in Silesia, Anhalt and Denmark. This article is within the scope of WikiProject Austria, an attempt to build a comprehensive and detailed guide to articles about Austria on Wikipedia. Roman Catholic historiography of the 19th century assigned him too high a place, while liberal historians were likely to underestimate his importance. Holy Roman Emperor, King of Hungary and Croatia, King of Bohemia and Archduke of Austria (1552-1612) This article needs additional citations for … Later Ferdinand secured approval from the Habsburg rulers of Spain to succeed the childless Matthias. Membership: Holy Roman Empire Association, Charter of the Holy Roman Empire Association, Heraldic Council of the Holy Roman Empire, Court of Nobility of the Holy Roman Empire, Council of the Holy Roman Empire Association, Free Imperial Cities of the Holy Roman Empire, Imperial immediacy of the Holy Roman Empire, Imperial Household of the Holy Roman Emperor, Powers and Titles of the Holy Roman Emperor, Order of the Ancient Nobility of the Four Emperors, Order of the Defeated Dragon - Ordo Draconum, Association of the Counts Arundell of Wardour, Jesus Christ - Jesus of Nazareth - Son of God, Holy Roman Emperor Sigismund of Luxemburg, Holy Roman Emperor Charles IV of Luxemburg, Holy Roman Emperor Louis IV of Wittelsbach, Holy Roman Emperor Henry VII of Luxemburg, Holy Roman Emperor Frederick I Barbarossa. His rule coincided with the Thirty Years' War. Ferdinand III (July 13, 1608 – April 2, 1657) was Holy Roman Emperor from February 15, 1637 until his death, as well as King of Hungary and Croatia, King of Bohemia and Archduke of Austria. Additionally, Ferdinand was an absolutist monarch and infringed several historical privileges of the nobles. Born in Graz, the eldest son of Emperor Ferdinand II of Habsburg and his first wife, Maria Anna of Bavaria, and was baptised as Ferdinand Ernst. By promoting the Counter-Reformation, Ferdinand II set the course of Austrian Habsburg policy for the next century. Ferdinand II (July 9, 1578 – February 15, 1637), of the House of Habsburg, ruled as Holy Roman Emperor (1619-1637), King of Bohemia (1617-1619, 1620-1637), King of Hungary (1618-1625). Maximilian's rule was shaped by the confessionalization process after the 1555 Peace of Augsburg. Some historians directly blame Ferdinand for the large civilian loss of life in the Sack of Magdeburg in 1631: he had instructed Tilly to enforce the edict of Restitution upon the Electorate of Saxony, his orders causing the Belgian general to move the Catholic armies east, ultimately to Leipzig, where they suffered their first substantial defeat at the hands of the Adolphus' Swedes in the First Battle of Breitenfeld (1631). He was the eldest son of Emperor Ferdinand II of Habsburg and his first wife, Maria Anna of Bavaria. Ferdinand was born in Graz, the eldest son of Emperor Ferdinand II of Habsburg and his first wife, Maria Anna of Bavaria. Ferdinand II, Haly Roman Emperor Frae Wikipedia, the free beuk o knawledge Ferdinand II (9 Julie 1578 – 15 Februar 1637), a member o the Hoose o Habsburg, wis Haly Roman Emperor (1619–1637), Keeng o Bohemie (1617–1619, 1620–1637), an Keeng o Hungary (1618–1625). He confiscated the estates of the rebel magnates, reduced the Diet to impotence by a new constituent ordinance (1627), and forcibly catholicized Bohemia. The seven "German" electors (the Archbishops of Mainz, Trier and Cologne, the King of Bohemia, the Count Palatine of the Rhine, the Duke of Saxony and the Margrave of Brandenburg) chose Ferdinand II to be Holy Roman Emperor. According to the terms set at the First Congress of Vienna in 1515, Ferdinand married Anne Jagiellonica, daughter of King Vladislaus II of Bohemia and Hungary on 22 July 1515. About Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor Ausztria császára, Magyarország királya (1618-1637), Csehország (1617-1637) királya, német-római császár (1619-1637), Neveltetését nagyban meghatározta a katolikus hagyományok átvétele és a szigorú udvari protokoll kellő elsajátítása. FERDINAND II (HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE) (1578 – 1637; Holy Roman Emperor 1619 – 1637; king of Bohemia 1617 – 1619 and 1620 – 1627; king of Hungary 1618 – 1625). Ferdinand I (also known as Fernando I in Spanish) served as the Holy Roman Emperor from 1556 (coronation in 1558), the king of Bohemia and Hungary from 1526, and the king of Croatia from 1527, until his death in 1564. . In the wake of these Catholic military successes, in 1629 Ferdinand issued the Edict of Restitution, by which all the lands stripped from Catholics after the Peace of Passau of 1552 would be returned. In 1625, despite the subsidies received from Spain and the Pope, Ferdinand was in a bad financial situation. Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor, 1578-1637. In 1600, Ferdinand married Maria Anna of Bavaria (1574-1616), daughter of Duke William V of Bavaria. …ruler of Inner Austria, Archduke Ferdinand, began a campaign of forcible re-Catholicization among his subjects, which proved entirely successful. High This article has been rated as High-importance on the project's importance scale. The leadership of the war thenceforth passed to Tilly, who was however unable to stop the Swedish march from northern Germany towards Austria. For other uses, see Rudolph II (disambiguation). Notable ancestors includeCharlemagne (747-814), Alfred the Great (849-899), Henry II of … Though elected Holy Roman emperor on August 28, 1619, Ferdinand was able to maintain himself only with support from Spain, Poland, and various German princes. Ferdinand II (9 July 1578 – 15 February 1637), a member of the House of Habsburg, was Holy Roman Emperor (1619–1637), King of Bohemia (1617–1619, 1620–1637), and King of Hungary (1618–1625). A good-natured, benevolent, affable monarch, he was imbued with the belief in the splendour of the imperial crown and the greatness of his dynasty. In 1635 Ferdinand signed his last important act, the Peace of Prague (1635), yet this did not end the war. After Frederick's flight to the Netherlands, Ferdinand ordered a massive effort to bring about re-conversion to Catholicism in Bohemia and Austria, causing Protestantism there to nearly disappear in the following decades, and reduced the Diet's power. He was the leading champion of the Roman Catholic Counter-Reformation and of absolutist rule during the Thirty Years’ War. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Tilly died in battle in 1632. Besides German he spoke Italian, French, and Spanish, was fond of music, and liked reading religious books, but his passion was hunting. He was also King of Hungary (1625), King of Bohemia (1627), Archduke of Austria (1621), and King of the Romans (Germany) (1636). His rule coincided with the Thirty Years' War. Ferdinand II (9 July 1578 – 15 February 1637), a member of the House of Habsburg, was Holy Roman Emperor (1619–1637), King of Bohemia (1617–1619, 1620–1637), and King of Hungary (1618–1625). 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