Some Rights Reserved (2009-2021) under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license unless otherwise noted. How to say Alexios Komnenos in English? Pronunciation of Alexios Komnenos with 1 audio pronunciation, 1 sentence and more for Alexios Komnenos. Byzantine Hyperpyron of Alexios Iby Classical Numismatic Group, Inc. (CC BY-SA). Hoewel hy nie die stigter van die dinastie was nie, was dit tydens sy bewind dat die Komnenos-dinastie op sy magtigste was. Then the tide began to turn when the Norman army was hit by a devastating wave of typhoid fever in 1085 CE and Robert was one of its victims. Alexios then managed to retake Dyracchion (aka Durazzo), an important port in Dalmatia, and the Norman conquest of Greece collapsed. Once he had taken over the leadership of the Romans, being always a man of action, he at once became immersed in matters of state…Alexios, the master of the science of government, directed all of his innovations towards the good of the Empire itself. Ring in the new year with a Britannica Membership, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Alexius-I-Comnenus, Dumbarton Oaks - Biography of Alexios I Komnenos. We are now World History Encyclopedia to better reflect the breadth of our non-profit organization's mission. Regarded as one of the great Byzantine rulers, Alexios defeated the Normans, the Pechenegs, and, with the help of the First Crusaders, the Seljuks to put the empire back on its feet after years of decline. Alexios' eldest daughter turned out to be a historian of note, whose work on 11th-century CE Byzantium has become an invaluable source for her modern colleagues in that field. Emeritus Professor of History, Royal Holloway College, University of London. Under one of these emperors, Romanos IV Diogenes (1067–1071), Alexios served with distinction against the Seljuq Turks. The Byzantine Empire c. 1090 CEby Spiridon MANOLIU (Public Domain). Pillaging and raping wherever they went, Alexios had them shipped off to Asia Minor as soon as possible where they met a predictably bloody end at the hands of the Seljuk army. Compulsory military service was another unfortunate reality for much of the Byzantine peasantry. He repressed heresy and maintained the traditional imperial role of protecting the Eastern Orthodox church, but he did not hesitate to seize ecclesiastical treasure when in financial need. Alexius I Comnenus, also spelled Alexios I Komnenos, (born 1057, Constantinople, Byzantine Empire [now Istanbul, Turkey]—died August 15, 1118), Byzantine emperor (1081–1118) at the time of the First Crusade who founded the Comnenian dynasty and partially restored the strength of the empire after its defeats by the Normans and Turks in the 11th century. Even Alexius’s diplomacy, whatever its apparent success, could not avert the continual erosion that ultimately led to the Ottoman conquest. Alexios was the son of the Domestic of the Schools John Komnenos and Anna Dalassena, and the nephew of Isaac I Komnenos (emperor 1057–1059). Alexios certainly had the pedigree to rise to the very top. Initially a movement aimed at Byzantine cultural imperialism, it spread across Western Europe and even to the heart of the Byzantine Empire. Althou… With a mixed force of Crusaders, Alexios thus managed to recapture Nicaea in 1097 CE. Isaak Komnenos (Sohn Alexios’ I) Isaac war der Dritte Sohn von Kaiser Alexios I. und Irene Dukaina. Robert, having betrothed his son to a daughter of Michael VII, was doubly dangerous as he could turn into a rallying point for disaffected members of the Byzantine court. Similar concessions, albeit lesser ones (including a reduction of customs duties to 4%), were later granted to Genoa and Pisa whose fleets had been ravaging the Ionian coast. Alexios I Komnenos (Alexius Comnenus) was emperor of the Byzantine Empire from 1081 to 1118 CE. Made from electrum (a gold and silver alloy), it was worth one-third of the old standard gold nomisma, which had suffered under the fiscal policies of Alexios' predecessor. The economy was also stuttering with Nikephoros forced to devalue the gold nomisma, the main coinage of Byzantium. Ancient History Encyclopedia Limited is a non-profit company registered in the United Kingdom. Bohemund, not best pleased to find out his army had been abandoned by the Byzantines, decided to renege on his vow to return all captured territory to the emperor and kept the city for himself. He was the son of Isaac Komnenos and the grandson of the emperor Alexios I. Initially, it seemed that the Normans and other Crusaders could usefully combine their forces with the Byzantine armies, Bohemund even swearing allegiance to the emperor along with the other Crusader leaders. In 1082 CE the Venetians were granted unrestricted trade across the Byzantine Empire, exemption from customs duties (10% of sales at the time), and even the odd warehouse and quay in Constantinople. Led by Nikephoros Diogenes, the plot was quashed, and emperor's mother had the ringleader blinded. He would found the Komnenoi dynasty which included five emperors who ruled until 1185 CE. Updates? Under Michael VII Doukas Parapinakes (1071–1078) and Nikephoros III Botaneiates (1078–1081… Alexius halted the further encroachment of the Seljuq Turks, who had already established the sultanate of Rūm (or Konya) in central Anatolia. He was born in February 1106 at Balabista in Macedonia, was made co-emperor with his father at 16 or 17 years of age and died on 2 August 1142 at Attalia, Pamphylia. Cartwright, Mark. The military, financial and territorial recovery of the Byzantine Empire known as Komnenian restoration began in his reign. Isaac I Komnenos. PhD Dissertation, University of Mainz, 2020. He is often viewed as one of Byzantium's great emperors, in part because of the memorable impression of his reign in the Alexiad Under one of these emperors, Romanos IV Diogenes (1067–1071), Alexios served with distinction against the Seljuq Turks. He drove back the south Italian Normans, headed by Robert Guiscard, who were invading western Greece (1081–82). The Normans, led by Bohemund, besiege Dyracchion. Alexios also used marriage alliances to great effect to unify the realm, notably joining the two great and often-feuding families of Komnenos and Doukas. Cartwright, Mark. For only $5 per month you can become a member and support our mission to engage people with cultural heritage and to improve history education worldwide. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. We have also been recommended for educational use by the following publications: Ancient History Encyclopedia Foundation is a non-profit organization registered in Canada. Then, with the support of his brother Isaac and his mother, the formidable Anna Dalassena, and with that of the powerful Ducas family, to which his wife, Irene, belonged, he seized the Byzantine throne from Nicephorus III. Although he was not the founder of the Komnenian dynasty, it was during his reign that the Komnenos family came to full power. Alexios VI Komnenos Emperor and Autocrat of the Romans. In 1087 CE Alexios had a son, John, who became his chosen heir. by Classical Numismatic Group, Inc. (CC BY-SA). The aged Nikephoros saw the writing on the wall and abdicated, later retiring to a monastic life. Alexios I Komnenos (tiếng Hy Lạp: Ἀλέξιος Αʹ Κομνηνός, 1048 hoặc 1056 – 15 tháng 8, 1118), là Hoàng đế Đông La Mã từ năm 1081 đến năm 1118. World History Encyclopedia, 12 Dec 2017. Alexios I Komnenos (1056 - 15 August 1118) ruled over the Byzantine Empire from 1081 to 1118. In 1078 CE he married Irene Doukaina, who was distantly related to two former emperors and an ex-Tsar of the Bulgars. Abstract: The goal of my thesis is to survey the political environment and the power struggles during the reign of Alexios I Komnenos (1081-1118). Under Michael VII Doukas Parapinakes (1071–1078) and Nikephoros III Botaneiates (1078–1081… The first group to be driven back and the most dangerous were the Normans. Thus, it was during Alexius’s reign that the last phase of the clash between the Latin West and the Greek East was inaugurated. World History Encyclopedia. Alexios came from a military family from Asia Minor, and he had royal blood for he was the nephew of Emperor Isaac Komnenos (r. 1057-1059 CE). Judgments of Alexius must be tempered by allowing for the extent to which he was handicapped by the inherited internal weaknesses of the Byzantine state and, even more, by the series of crises precipitated by the western European Crusaders from 1097 onward. He faced a series of serious military threats, and, through a combination of diplomacy, personal cunning, and his own military ability, he generally emerged the victor. Alexios was the son of the Domestic of the Schools John Komnenos and Anna Dalassene, and the nephew of Isaac I Komnenos (emperor 1057–1059). Antioch in Syria was the next big capture in June 1098 CE, but unfortunately for Alexios, on his way to support the siege he had met refugees from the area who wrongly informed him that the Crusaders were on the brink of defeat to a huge Muslim army and so the emperor returned home. The Pechenegs were joined by their allies the Seljuks, but neither could make any impression on the capital's famous fortifications, the Theodosian Walls. The historian T. E. Gregory here summarises the accomplishments of Alexios I Komnenos: He rescued the Byzantine state from the threat of imminent dissolution. Alexios came from a military family from Asia Minor, and he had royal blood for he was the nephew of Emperor Isaac Komnenos (r. 1057-1059 CE). Alexios certainly had the pedigree to rise to the very top… One notable group to be persecuted was the Bogomils which sprang up in Bulgaria renouncing all worldly affairs and proposing civil disobedience to its followers. Geboren wurde er in der Porphyra des kaiserlichen Palastes, und trug daher den Beinamen des Gotteshauses. The Seljuks were horsemen descended from a Turkish nomadic tribe, and they had formed the powerful Sultanate of Rum with their capital at Nicaea. Alexios’ father was John Komnenos, a senior military commander of the imperial guard (domestikos of the Scholai), and his mother, Anna Dalassena, was from a respected aristocratic family. Actually, it was Alexios himself who had invited mercenaries from the west to help him reconquer Asia Minor by writing letters to both Count Robert of Flanders and Pope Urban II - and come they did, albeit with the grander aim of retaking Jerusalem for Christendom. As part of his monetary reforms, a new coin was introduced, the hyperpyron (meaning “highly refined”), in 1092 CE. Alexios I. Komnenos (1048 – 15. srpna 1118) byl byzantským císařem v letech 1081 až 1118 a zakladatelem dynastie Komnenovců.Alexios projevil své výjimečné státnické, vojenské a diplomatické schopnosti za velice dramatických okolností na konci 11. století, kdy byla byzantská říše svírána vážným vnějším nebezpečím ohrožujícím samotnou existenci státu. Mark is a history writer based in Italy. When Alexios I Komnenos created the title of sebastokrator, kaisar became third in importance, and fourth after Manuel I Komnenos created the title of despot, which it remained until the end of the Empire. Author of, Byzantine Empire: Alexius I and the First Crusade. He was not the first Komnenos to rule, but it was during his reign that the dynasty came to full power. Under one of these emperors, The Treaty of Devol is signed between the, The Cambridge History of the Byzantine Empire c.500-1492. To later generations Alexius appeared as the ruler who pulled the empire together at a crucial time, thus enabling it to survive until 1204, and in part until 1453, but modern scholars tend to regard him, together with his successors John II (reigned 1118–43) and Manuel I (reigned 1143–80), as having effected only stopgap measures. The shrinking of its boundaries reduced the empire from... Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. These descendants of Vikings, who had already conquered Byzantine territories in southern Italy between 1057 and 1071 CE, were led by Robert Guiscard (the “Crafty”), the Duke of Apulia. Isaak Komnenos (Sohn Alexios’ I) Isaac war der Dritte Sohn von Kaiser Alexios I. und Irene Dukaina. The Byzantine Empire had been shrinking during the 11th century CE, but Alexios would oversee a string of victories against the peoples harassing the borders of his kingdom. Bohemund the Norman would turn up again in Byzantine affairs 12 years after his last encounter with Alexios, when he led the First Crusade which arrived in Constantinople in 1097 CE. But neither Alexius nor succeeding Comnenian emperors were able to establish permanent control over the Latin Crusader principalities. Alexios' eldest daughter, Anna Komnene, was for a time his official heir following her marriage to Constantine Doukas, the son of Michael VII (r. 1071-1078 CE). Alexios was the son of the Domestic of the Schools John Komnenos and Anna Dalassene, [3] and the nephew of Isaac I Komnenos (emperor 1057–1059). Während sein ältester Bruder, Johann II. Alexios was the son of the Domestic of the Schools John Komnenos and Anna Dalassene, and the nephew of Isaac I Komnenos (emperor 1057–1059). John had named Manuel as his successor a few days before he died in Cilicia and the new emper… Under Michael VII Doukas Parapinakes (1071–1078) and Nikephoros III Botaneiates (1078–1081… The Normans, led by Robert Guiscard, attack, The Normans defeat a Venetian naval force, allies of the. Alexios I Komnenos (Greek : Ἀλέξιος Αʹ Κομνηνός, c. 1048 – 15 August 1118) was Byzantine emperor from 1081 to 1118. In 1107 CE the Normans, once more led by Bohemund, besieged Dyracchion. Alexios I Komnenos, Latinized as Alexius I Comnenus, was Byzantine emperor from 1081 to 1118. Known for her piety, she was, nevertheless, as ruthless and able a politician as any male member of the court. Alexios was the son of the Domestic of the Schools John Komnenos and Anna Dalassena, and the nephew of Isaac I Komnenos (emperor 1057–1059). One of his first acts was to banish his scheming sister Anna to a monastery, but at least this allowed her to write her Alexiad history in peace. Under one of these emperors, Romanos IV Diogenes (1067–1071), Alexios served with distinction against the Seljuq Turks. Alexios I Komnenos or Alexius I Comnenus (Αλέξιος Α' Κομνηνός, Alexios I Komnēnos; ALEXIVS I COMNENVS; 1048 – August 15, 1118), Byzantine emperor (1081–1118), was the son of John Komnenos and Anna Dalassena.He was the nephew of Isaac I Komnenos (emperor 1057–1059). After more than 50 years of ineffective or short-lived rulers, Alexius, in the words of Anna Comnena, his daughter and biographer, found the empire “at its last gasp,” but his military ability and diplomatic gifts enabled him to retrieve the situation. https://www.ancient.eu/Alexios_I_Komnenos/. In 1059, Isaac was seized with an illness, and believed it to be mortal. The two brothers were the only male descendants of the Byzantine Emperor Andronikos I, who had been dethroned and killed in 1185, and thus claimed to represent the legitimate government of the Empire following the conquest of Constantinople by the Fourth Crusadein 1204. Nor was the Byzantine Empire immune from further Norman attacks on its western islands and provinces—as in 1107–08, when Alexius successfully repulsed Bohemond I of Antioch’s assault on Avlona in western Greece. Cite This Work Her Alexiad covers the period 1069 to 1118 CE and is principally a tribute to her father. The shrinking of its boundaries reduced the empire from its status as a dominating world power to that of a small Greek state fighting for…. Alexios Komnenos Eirene Komnene: Dynasty: Komnenos: Father: Isaac Komnenos: Mother: Irene of Galicia or Kata of Georgia: Andronikos I Komnenos (Greek: Ἀνδρόνικος Κομνηνός; c. 1118 – 12 September 1185), usually Latinized as Andronicus I Comnenus, was Byzantine Emperor from 1183 to 1185. When Alexios died of disease on 15 August 1118 CE, his son John became emperor as John II Komnenos. His special interests include pottery, architecture, world mythology and discovering the ideas that all civilizations share in common. Alexios invited mercenaries from the west to help him reconquer Asia minor by writing letters to both Count Robert of Flanders & Pope Urban II. He excelled in the army and rose to the position of general under Emperor Michael IV (r. 1034-1041 CE), never losing a battle. Alexios' father declined the throne on the abdication of Isaac, who was thus succeeded by four emperors of other families between 1059 and 1081. Indeed, he strengthened their position by further concessions, and he had to reward services, military and otherwise, by granting fiscal rights over specified areas. With your help we create free content that helps millions of people learn history all around the world. In 1091 he defeated the Pechenegs, Turkic nomads who had been continually surging over the Danube River into the Balkans. Omissions? However, Bohemund continued with successes in Macedon and Thessaly, and Robert's return saw a resounding defeat of Alexios' Venetian allies in 1084 CE. English: Alexios I Komnenos or Alexius I Comnenus; 1048 – August 15, 1118), Byzantine emperor (1081–1118), was the son of John Komnenos and Anna Dalassena and the nephew of Isaac I Komnenos (emperor 1057–1059). Considered a heretic for his Neoplatonism and picked out as a scapegoat warning for those who insisted on mixing philosophy and theology, John Italos was condemned in 1082 CE. The military, financial and territorial recovery of the Byzantine Empire began in his reign. Alexios Komnenos, latinised as Alexius Comnenus (Greek: Ἀλέξιος Κομνηνός), was the eldest son of the Byzantine emperor Ioannes II Komnenos and his wife Eirene of Hungary. Byzantine Emperor: Reign 19th February, 1684- 27th August, 1704 Predecessor Andronikos V Komnenos Successor Leopold Born 19th January, 1656 Constantinople, Byzantine Empire Died 20th December, 1704 Cheron, Byzantine Empire Spouse Justina Komnenos House Komnenos … He made agreements with Sulaymān ibn Qutalmïsh of Konya (1081) and subsequently with his son Qïlïch Arslan (1093), as well as with other Muslim rulers on Byzantium’s eastern border. Resettling some of the defeated warriors, others were incorporated into the Byzantine army as mercenaries. Last modified December 12, 2017. He was subsequently called to account for this by the church. Alexios I Komnenos (Alexius Comnenus) was emperor of the Byzantine Empire from 1081 to 1118 CE. He re-established imperial control of the Church, reducing the power of the bishops, and he vigorously supported Orthodoxy, quashing any challengers to it. From 1068 to 1081 he gave able military service during the short reigns of Romanus IV, Michael VII, and Nicephorus III. Alexios' father declined the throne on the abdication of Isaac, who was thus succeeded by four emperors of other families between 1059 and 1081. Regarded as one of the great Byzantine rulers, Alexios defeated the Normans, the Pechenegs, and, with the help of the First Crusaders, the Seljuks to put the empire back on its feet after years of decline. Alexios may well have planned for a few new Christian kingdoms to act as a useful buffer on the empire's border, and so he directed them to free parts of Asia Minor from the Seljuks. History Talk (0) Share. Although he was not the founder of the Komnenian dynasty, it was during his reign that the Komnenos family came to full power. This victory was achieved with Venetian naval help, bought at the cost of granting Venice extensive trading privileges in the Byzantine Empire. On a more positive note, Alexios supported monasteries on Mount Athos in northern Greece and gave the island of Patmos in the Aegean to Christodoulos who founded the monastery of Saint John the Theologian in 1088 CE. He would found the Komnenoi dynasty which included five emperors who ruled until 1185 CE. His relations with Muslim powers were disrupted on occasion, and former valued Byzantine possessions, such as Antioch, passed into the hands of arrogant Western princelings, who even introduced Latin Christianity in place of Greek. The third son of John Comnenus and a nephew of Isaac I (emperor 1057–59), Alexius came from a distinguished Byzantine landed family and was one of the military magnates who had long urged more effective defense measures, particularly against the Turks’ encroaching on Byzantine provinces in eastern and central Anatolia. "Alexios I Komnenos." Alexius was crowned on April 4, 1081. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. 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