On this day, the Germans started attacking from the coast to the south of Ypres. Despite the fact that fires had ravaged the same area three times earlier in the century, people continued to build homes there. For a time it appeared that retreat was inevitable, but a brilliantly executed counterattack organized by Brig. On the German side this pursuit of an opening was soon replaced by a subtler plan, but the French persevered with a straightforward obstinacy. Over the next few days there was a comparative lull in the fighting, and the commander of the British I Corps, Lieut. At a time when most video stores were small-scale operations featuring a limited selection of titles, Blockbuster opened with some 8,000 tapes displayed on shelves around the store and a ...read more, On October 19, 1991, a fire begins in the hills of Oakland, California. When Joffre was informed of the situation, he dispatched the IX Corps to Ypres, a move that brought the opposing forces to near numerical parity. The BEF deployed in turn between La Bassée, France, and Ypres, where it effected a junction with Lieut. First Battle of Ypres (19 October – 22 November 1914). On November 21 the British troops were relieved by the French, with the infantry of the II Corps taking over the front opposite the Messines Ridge, while the I Corps went into reserve. Battles - The First Battle of Ypres, 1914 With the failure of the German offensive against France at the Battle of the Marne, and the allied counter-offensive, the so-called 'race to the sea' began, a movement towards the North Sea coast as each army attempted to out … The Indian Corps had relieved the infantry of the British II Corps on the La Bassée-Neuve Chapelle front, and the greater part of the latter force had gone up to Ypres and taken over the trenches of the 7th Division. Phocion turned out to be former Treasury Secretary Alexander Hamilton. On the Western Front, the month following the First Battle of the Marne was marked by an extremely obvious series of attempts by each side to turn the opponent’s western flank. The First Battle of Ypres, also called the First Battle of Flanders (French: 1re Bataille des Flandres German: Erste Flandernschlacht), was a First World War battle fought for the strategically important town of Ypres in western Belgium in October and November 1914. Attempted flank attacks by both the Allies and the Germans failed to achieve significant breakthroughs, and both sides settled into the trench warfare that would characterize the remainder of the war on the Western Front. This article was most recently revised and updated by, The Battle of the Yser and the main German attack, https://www.britannica.com/event/First-Battle-of-Ypres, Military History Encyclopedia on the Web - First battle of Ypres, 19 October-22 November 1914. Seizing the Ground The first forces to arrive at Ypres were a German cavalry patrol on October 13, 1914. The first battle of Ypres officially started on October 19. From October 14 to November 17, 1914, the fighting had been almost continuous from the La Bassée canal to the Yser. With Foch the delusion persisted still longer, and the failure of Allied commanders to grasp the situation made the First Battle of Ypres essentially a “soldiers’ battle.” Like Inkerman during the Crimean War or Shiloh during the American Civil War, the absence of effective high-level command meant that success or failure hinged on personal valour rather than a grand strategic plan. The largest-ever one-day percentage decline in the Dow Jones Industrial Average comes not in 1929 but on October 19, 1987. The Belgians suffered some 18,000 casualties at the Yser, and the French more than 5,000, but the Allied left flank had been secured. Thoughts of outflanking the Germans were abandoned as it became clear that there was a very real danger of losing the Channel ports to a German advance. There appeared to be real danger that the roads through Ypres behind the British and French troops east of the town would be cut. War and Conflict, World War One, 1914-1918, Western Front, 13th October 1914, British mounted troops moving through, Ypres, Belgium First Battle of Ypres, (October 19–November 22, 1914), first of three costly World War I battles centred on the city of Ypres (now Ieper) in western Flanders. Antonyms for first battle of Ypres. Beyond it, the embryo of a new French Eighth Army was taking shape, and the Belgians continued the line along the Yser (IJzer) River to the sea. This small rise remained a bone of contention until December 1914, but elsewhere the attack made no significant progress. The First Battle of Ypres (19 October – 22 November) was a First World War battle fought around Ypres, in western Belgium during October and November 1914. All Rights Reserved. On the next day the German attack was made after an intense bombardment on the front from the Messines Ridge to the north of the Menin road. The French lost at least 50,000 at Ypres, while the Belgians suffered more than 20,000 casualties at the Yser and Ypres. Meanwhile, the Germans prepared to launch the first phase of an offensive aimed at breaking the Allied lines and capturing Ypres and other channel ports, thus controlling the outlets to the North Sea. He was considered unable to adapt himself to unfamiliar conditions of war or to work harmoniously with the British government, his own subordinates, or the French and Belgian generals with whom he was supposed to cooperate.…, Ypres was the principal town within an important salient, or bulge, in the British lines on the Western Front during World War I. 2 synonyms for first battle of Ypres: battle of Ypres, Ypres. The poems and the excerpt from All Quiet on the Western Front reflect the horrible impact that the atrocious conditions of trench warfare had on the men who were fighting it. The battle was part of the First Battle of Flanders, in which Ge Please select which sections you would like to print: While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. The purpose of these battles was to gain control of the city and “its advantageous positions on the north coast of Belgium” (Source). Meanings for first battle of Ypres. This manifested in a series of local attacks chiefly against the French. The Battle of Ypres was a series of engagements during the First World War, near the Belgian city of Ypres, between the German and the Allied armies (Belgian, French, British Expeditionary Force and Canadian Expeditionary Force ). Though the Belgians of the Yser had been under increasing pressure for two days already, both Sir John French and Ferdinand Foch, Joffre’s deputy in the north, were slow to appreciate what was happening to…, …casualties in the first two battles of Ypres. On October 19, 1914, near the Belgian city of Ypres, Allied and German forces begin the first of what would be three battles to control the city and its advantageous positions on the north coast of Belgium during the First World War. The Battlefield of Ypres today. They took the ridge east of Ypres, which featured the Menin Road. The essay typified the nasty, ...read more, On October 19, 1985, the first Blockbuster video-rental store opens, in Dallas, Texas. Add a … What are synonyms for first battle of Ypres? When German guns renewed their bombardment of Belgian positions on October 29, Albert ordered the opening of the sluices at Nieuport (Nieuwpoort). When the battle began, the BEF held the line from La Bassée to Langemarck, and by 22 October had taken over the last section of the salient, west of Langemarck. Lord Cornwallis was one of the most capable British generals of the ...read more. Omissions? Thereafter the Germans adopted a defensive attitude in the West and sent all available troops to the Russian front. HISTORY reviews and updates its content regularly to ensure it is complete and accurate. But if you see something that doesn't look right, click here to contact us! By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. One German army, composed of troops transferred from Lorraine, was to hold the expected Allied offensive while another, composed of troops released by the fall of Antwerp as well as four newly raised corps, was to sweep down the Belgian coast and crush the left (northern) flank of the attacking Allies. The French 32nd Division went to the help of the British cavalry at Oosttaverne, and five French battalions came up to support the right of the British 7th Division at Klein Zillebeke and St. Eloi. Although the British right and centre already had been held up by strong German defenses, Field Marshal Sir John French, discounting even the underestimate of German strength furnished by his intelligence, on October 19 ordered his left to begin the offensive from Ypres toward Menin (Menen). Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. A breakthrough attempt by the German Fourth Army under Albrecht, duke of Württemberg, was foiled, but the Germans were not yet at the end of their resources. On that front during that period, British losses had amounted to more than 54,000 killed, wounded, and missing. Following the rejection of his Continental System by Czar Alexander I, French Emperor Napoleon I invaded ...read more, The Guildford Four, convicted of the 1975 IRA bombings of public houses in Guildford and Woolwich, England, are cleared of all charges after nearly 15 years in prison. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Fighting continued, with heavy losses on both sides, until November 22, when the arrival of winter weather forced the battle to a halt. Map of the Netherlands, Belgium, and Luxembourg, with insets of Amsterdam and Brussels (, …British attack was launched from Ypres on October 19, the German thrust the next day. 129th Baluchis marching to the tranches. In October, German forces launched a major offensive that aimed to push forward to the Channel p… The area between the positions established by both sides during this period—from Ypres on the British side to Menin and Roulers on the German side—became known as the Ypres Salient, a region that over the course of the next several years would see some of the war’s bitterest and most brutal struggles. The first large-scale gas attack occurred during the Second Battle of Ypres in April 1915. The Allies developed gas masks as a way to combat chlorine gas and other chemical weapons. A month of fighting at Ypres cost the Germans more than 130,000 casualties, a staggering total that would ultimately pale before later actions on the Western Front. A German assault at Langemarck, north of Ypres, was checked, but a French counterattack on October 24 yielded little result. After the German advance through Belgium and eastern France was curtailed by a decisive Allied victory in the Battle of the Marne in late September 1914, the so-called “Race to the Sea” began, as each army attempted to outflank the other on their way northwards, hastily constructing trench fortifications as they went. It was not until October 21 that French began to grasp the situation on the ground; he ordered that positions be entrenched and held defensively. As a number of unrelated events conspired to tank global markets, the Dow dropped 508 points—22.6 percent—in a panic that foreshadowed larger systemic ...read more, On October 19, 1982, the automaker John Z. DeLorean is arrested and charged with conspiracy to obtain and distribute 55 pounds of cocaine. On October 30 the German XV Corps fell upon the weary British 7th Division and drove it back from Zandvoorde, while the II Bavarian Corps pushed the British cavalry back through Hollebeke and Oosttaverne. John Buchan. On November 1 and 2 he renewed his efforts against the British cavalry and captured Messines (Mesen) and Wytschaete (Wijtschate), along with the whole of the Messines Ridge, but von Fabeck’s further progress was stopped by the timely arrival of French reinforcements. The First Battle of Ypres was a battle in World War One between the German Empire and the allied forces of France, Belgium and the British Empire. Joseph-Jacques-Césaire Joffre, detail of a portrait by H. Jacquier, 1915. On October 5, 1974, an IRA bomb killed four people in a Guildford pub frequented by British military personnel, ...read more, Hopelessly trapped at Yorktown, Virginia, British General Lord Cornwallis surrenders 8,000 British soldiers and seamen to a larger Franco-American force, effectively bringing an end to the American Revolution. On October 31 the German XV Corps and 54th Reserve Division, attacking on either side of the road, had captured Gheluvelt (Geluveld) and broken the line between the 1st and 7th Divisions. battle in World War I (1914); heavy but indecisive fighting as the Allies and the Germans both tried to break through the lines of the others. DeLorean was acquitted of the drug charges in August 1984, but his legal woes were only beginning. The First Battle of Ypres (19 October – 22 November) was a First World War battle fought around Ypres, in western Belgium during October and November 1914. The battle took place on the Western Front, from July to November 1917, for control of the ridges south and east of the Belgian city of Ypres in West Flanders, as part of a strategy decided by the Allies at conferences in November 1916 and May 1917. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. The effort was stillborn, for it coincided with the opening of the German offensive on October 20. Foch at once promised reinforcements for the Hollebeke front. The German and Western Allied attempts to secure the town from enemy occupation included a series of further battles in and around the West Flanders Belgian municipality. The battle was part of the First Battle of Flanders, in which German, French and Belgian armies and the British Expeditionary Force fought from Arras in France to Nieuport on the Belgian coast, from 10 October to mid-November. The first battle of Ypres was a great Anglo-French battle. First Battle of Ypres, (October 19–November 22, 1914), first of three costly World War I battles centred on the city of Ypres (now Ieper) in western Flanders. Updates? Falkenhayn even held back the troops who had been pursuing the Belgians in order not to alarm the Allied command prematurely. First Battle of Ypres. The first was delivered by the Royal Scots Fusiliers near the Menin road. That night, Belgian engineers unleashed the sea, destroying the town of Nieuport and inundating the battlefield. 'From Mons to the First Battle of Ypres' is a fine aid example which will benefit both military historians and academics as well as the relatives of those who were part of the early days of the Great War. Soon the terrain was devastated and it looked like nothing else on earth. Foch sought to induce the Belgians to form the left of this wheeling mass, but Albert I, king of the Belgians and supreme commander of their military forces, prudently declined to abandon the coast for an advance inland that he considered rash. There were hundreds of thousands of casualties during the five engagements. The Guard broke through the left of the British 1st Division and penetrated into the Nonne Bosschen, but again the situation was restored by a pair of counterattacks. Later in the day this success was confirmed by another counterattack on a larger scale organized and directed by Maj. Gen. Edward Bulfin. First, the battles in 1914 around what would become the Ypres salient developed into important myths for both the British and the Germans. The 1st Division had fallen back from Gheluvelt to a line resting on the junction of the Frezenberg road with the Ypres-Menin highway. The failure of this last attack by the Germans to break through practically closed the battle, though on November 17 Duke Albrecht made an attack on the Herentage Wood, which met with no success. Ypres became a focal point of the campaign due to its geographic location and importance as a transportation hub. Noun 1. first battle of Ypres - battle in World War I (1914); heavy but indecisive fighting as the Allies and the Germans both tried to break through the lines of the others battle of Ypres, Ypres Following German defeat at the Battle of the Marne(6-12 September 1914) and the period of stalemate on the River Aisne, both sides sought to restore movement to the war. On October 19, 1796, an essay appears in the Gazette of the United States in which a writer, mysteriously named “Phocion,” slyly attacks presidential candidate Thomas Jefferson. While radio remained a necessary engine to drive the sales and chart rankings of singles and albums, ...read more, One month after Napoleon Bonaparte’s massive invading force entered a burning and deserted Moscow, the starving French army is forced to begin a hasty retreat out of Russia. Three German divisions were forced into hasty retreat as the floodwaters rose around them. Of the approximately 12,000 British infantry who had landed at Zeebrugge a month before, only some 4,000 remained in fighting condition. Gen. Sir Douglas Haig, used that opportunity to reorganize and strengthen his front. Attacking the British on October 20, German forces attacked the area between Langemarck and Ypres. WWI Document Archive > 1914 Documents > First Battle of Ypres. https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/first-battle-of-ypres. As the two sides sought an advantage, they clashed in Picardy, Albert, and Artois. First Battle of Ypres. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. First Battle of Ypres On October 19, 1914 the Allies and Germans fought the 1 st of 3 battles that took place in Ypres, Belgium. Beginning on October 25, the Belgians began manipulating the floodgates on canals and watercourses in the Yser valley, opening them at high tide and closing them before the water could recede. For at least 24 hours, French persisted in the belief that he was attacking while his troops were barely holding their ground. © 2021 A&E Television Networks, LLC. The First Battle of Ypres, also called the First Battle of Flanders (French language: 1re Bataille des Flandres), was a First World War battle fought for the strategic town of Ypres in western Belgium in October and November 1914. Six more divisions, including a division of the Prussian Guard, were collected for a final effort to break through into Ypres. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). From the German side, the so-called ‘ Kindermord bei Ypren ,’ or ‘slaughter of the innocents at Ypres,’ quickly entered the social and cultural consciousness. One of these attacks, on November 10, drove the French defenders of Dixmude (Diksmuide) from the ruins of that town. Naval Operations in the Dardanelles Campaign. Near Hollebeke Chateau, 28th October 1914. . Falkenhayn had formed a new army group, and he attempted to drive in the British front north of the Lys River. Between two and three o'clock on Saturday, the 31st, was the most critical hour in the whole battle. He soon went on trial for fraud and over ...read more, From its beginnings in the early 1980s, it was clear that MTV, the Music Television Network, would have a dramatic effect on the way pop stars marketed their music and themselves. Fires had previously ...read more, Union General Philip Sheridan averts a near disaster in the Shenandoah Valley when he rallies his troops after a surprise attack by Confederate General Jubal Early and scores a major victory that almost destroys Early’s army at the Battle of Cedar Creek in Virginia. Next, on October 2, the newly formed French Tenth Army under Gen. Louis de Maud’huy tried a flanking attack farther north, but instead of being able to pass around the German right flank, Maud’huy soon found himself struggling desperately to hold Arras. Strategically located along the roads leading to the Channel ports in Belgian Flanders, the Belgian city of Ypres had been the scene of numerous battles since the sixteenth century. This action was to be continued with a new attempt on the Belgians defending the Yser front to the north. These changes of disposition were made without further interference from the enemy other than constant shelling, but the Germans had yet another great effort in preparation. The Ypres salient was the site of three major battles—First Ypres (October–November 1914), Second Ypres (April–May 1915; marked by the Germans’ first…. The First Battle of Ypres occurred from October to November 1914 during the first few months of World War I, fought between the Entente armies of France, Belgium, and the United Kingdom on one side and the German Empire on the other. The next day, the British 7 th Division and 3 rd Cavalry Division arrived. On October 19, a protracted period of fierce combat began, as the Germans opened their Flanders offensive and the Allies steadfastly resisted, while seeking their own chances to go on the attack wherever possible. On this portion of the battle front, the Allied line was established east of the village of Kemmel and on the important high ground at Mount Kemmel (Kemmelberg). By September 24 Gen. Éduard de Castelnau’s flanking attempt with the French Second Army had come to a stop on the Somme. Corrections? Campaign of the First World War, fought by the Allies against the German Empire. "use strict";(function(){var insertion=document.getElementById("citation-access-date");var date=new Date().toLocaleDateString(undefined,{month:"long",day:"numeric",year:"numeric"});insertion.parentElement.replaceChild(document.createTextNode(date),insertion)})(); FACT CHECK: We strive for accuracy and fairness. On October 19, 1914, near the Belgian city of Ypres, Allied and German forces begin the first of what would be three battles to control the city and its advantageous positions on the north coast of Belgium during the First World War. With the German defeat at the First Battle of the Marne in September 1914 and the unraveling of the Schlieffen Plan, both sides commenced a series of flanking maneuvers in northern France and Flanders. This resulted in the “Race to the Sea” as Entente and German forces simultaneously sought to turn the northern flank of their opponent. Through the ...read more. Four days later, Przemyśl was relieved by the advancing Austro-Hungarians and the Battle of Chyrow 13 October– 2 November) began in Galicia. The situation was critical: if the Belgians broke at the Yser, the Allied left flank would be compromised, and the “Race to the Sea” would be won by the Germans. History would prove the wisdom of Albert’s decision. Fighting continued, with heavy losses on both sides, until November 22. The Prussian Guard attacked astride the Menin road, gaining the only real success achieved by the Germans during the November 11 offensive. The Belgians were exhausted and critically short on ammunition, but Albert held a trump card that he was loath to use. With the German failure at the Battle of the Marne in September 1914 and the subsequent Allied counter attacks, the " Race to the Sea " began. While Falkenhayn waited to spring his trap, the new Allied advance was developing piecemeal, as corps detrained from the south and swung eastward to form the hook of the attempted flanking maneuver. It went on to burn thousands of homes and kill 25 people. Gen. Charles FitzClarence and delivered by the 2nd Battalion Worcestershire Regiment against Gheluvelt from the north drove the Germans out of the village. Areas of control on the Western Front at the end of 1914. Ypres (April 22–May 5, 1915): When deadly German gas attacks send others running, the Canadians hold their ground. In this cartoon, the artist depicts a masked soldier alerting one of his comrades of an impending gas attack. In preparing the latter attack, FitzClarence was killed in a burst of German rifle fire. On 9 October, the First German offensive against Warsaw began with the battles of Warsaw (9–19 October) and Ivangorod (9–20 October). The British Expeditionary Force (BEF) was then moving northward from the Aisne River, in order to shorten its communication lines with England, and the French commander in chief,Joseph-Jacques-Césaire Joffre, determined to use the BEF as part of a third effort to turn the German flank. Sign up now to learn about This Day in History straight from your inbox. Attempted flank attacks by both the Allies and the Germans failed to achieve significant breakthroughs, and both sides settled into the trench warfare that would characterize the remainder of the war on the Western Front. Battles - The First Battle of Ypres, 1914. Another lull ensued, and it appeared that the First Battle of Ypres had come to an end. The First Battle of Ypres (French: Première Bataille des Flandres ; German: Erste Flandernschlacht 19 October – 22 November 1914) was a battle of the First World War, fought on the Western Front around Ypres, in West Flanders, Belgium. In the meantime Gen. Max von Fabeck, at the head of an ad hoc force dubbed Army Group Fabeck, made his principal effort on the British front southeast of Ypres. After the Germans captured the Belgian city of Antwerp early in October, Antwerp’s remaining Belgian forces along with troops of the British Expeditionary Force (BEF), commanded by Sir John French, withdrew to Ypres, arriving at the city between October 8 and 19 to reinforce the Belgian and French defenses there. Thus, the first phase of the battle ended with the French holding the northern half of a semicircle east of Ypres and the British occupying the southern half. Although the Belgian forces fought a desperate battle along Yser, the BEF came under attack around Ypres. The First Battle of Ypres, also called the First Battle of Flanders (French: 1re Bataille des Flandres), was a First World War battle fought for the strategic town of Ypres in western Belgium in October and November 1914. In preparation for this attack, Duke Albrecht was directed to keep up the utmost pressure. The First Battle of Ypres was a bloody WWI Battle fought October 19 – November 22, 1914, around the city of Ypres in West Flanders, Belgium. The race ended in mid-October at Ypres, the ancient Flemish city with its fortifications guarding the ports of the English Channel and access to the North Sea beyond. In early April 1915 the Allied forces on the Ypres front comprised (from south to north) elements of the two corps of the British Second Army—which included the 1st Canadian Division—commanded by Gen. Sir Horace Smith-Dorrien, the French 45th (Algerian) and 87th Territorial divisions under Gen. Henri Putz, and the Belgian 6th Division under Maj. Gen. Armand de Ceuninck. First Battle of Ypres was a battle of the First World War, fought on the Western Front around Ypres, in West Flanders, Belgium, during October and November 1914. Thus, stability on the northern edge of the British front was restored, but if von Fabeck’s right was checked, the same could not be said of his left and centre. To coordinate this new maneuver, he appointed Gen. Ferdinand Foch as his deputy in the north. The First Battle of Ypres was marked by intensive shelling. The second, by the 2nd Oxford and Bucks Light Infantry, drove the Germans out of the Nonne Bosschen. Synonyms for first battle of Ypres in Free Thesaurus. One immediate crisis was staved off by these reinforcements, but another was developing on the Menin road, east of Ypres. Farther south the German XV Corps secured Hill 60 near Verbranden-Molen (Verbrandenmolen). On October 14, four days after the fall of Antwerp, Gen. Erich von Falkenhayn, chief of the German general staff, planned a trap for the next Allied flanking maneuver. Gen. Sir Henry Rawlinson’s IV Corps. Page 1 of 5 - About 41 Essays All Quiet On The Western Front Poem Analysis. , including a Division of the approximately 12,000 British infantry who had landed at Zeebrugge month. Gain access to exclusive content and other chemical weapons at the Yser patrol on October 20, forces... Most capable British generals of the drug charges in August 1984, but Albert a... Front north of Ypres officially started on October 13, 1914, FitzClarence was in. Success achieved by the Royal Scots Fusiliers near the Menin road, gaining the real. November 11 offensive artist depicts a masked soldier alerting one of his comrades of impending., offers, and it appeared that retreat was inevitable, but another was developing on the defending... Forces fought a desperate Battle along Yser, the 31st, was checked, but elsewhere attack. 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